So as our building environment is located in EU, I have looked at various of books that could help me narrow down the architectural styles that are used in Europe, This book "The Story of Modern Architecture of the 20th Century" offers a lot of valuable information in regards to architecture around Europe and specific styles which have been used in some areas more than others. The book also presents a timeline which is very valuable.
Book offers wide range of historical buildings, architectural design styles, specific timeline and concurrent design principles, information regarding cultures. Well pretty much the progress of architecture and the build environment around the world over the last few centuries.